The new Romanian Forest Code (Law no. 331/2024) introduces a comprehensive legal framework for civil liability concerning forest-related ecological damage. Aimed at countering illegal logging and forest degradation, the legislation enforces both preventive and reparatory mechanisms by holding forest administrators, public authorities, and forest rangers accountable for any damage caused or unreported. It incorporates the „polluter pays” princi...

The paper contrasts real estate investments with the alternative of placements into investment funds, presenting the main investment trends, opportunities and challenges – encountered in the author’s recent attorney practice – in light of the new legal provisions introduced in the field of investment funds. The paper focuses primarily on the implications of extensive legislative changes at the national and European levels that have come into eff...

Top researchers in the field of artificial intelligence, supported by policymakers from the states involved in this EU-level initiative, investigate the damage that advanced artificial intelligence systems could cause, while also analyzing the manner in which the liability of artificial intelligence developers whose models cause or are used to cause large-scale damage can be held. In this context, this study brings back into discussion, start...

The traditional linear economic model (‚extract – produce – consume – consume – dispose’/ ’take – make – waste’) has shaped the economic development for centuries, but its negative impact on the environment and natural resources has become increasingly evident. By intensively exploiting raw materials without adequate conservation or reuse measures, this model has led to an over- exploitation of natural reso...

Early warning is a tool that tells you that you need to act quickly because your business is in difficulty or even in a state of insolvency. The seeds of the state of financial difficulty are clearly and unquestionably found in the way the company carries out its activity and the prevention and collapse of an entity can be anticipated by the signals it gives. As a barometer or in other whistleblower terminology, this early warning method requ...

This paper analyses the scope of the VAT regime from the perspective of abusivepractices that may arise as a result of the application of tax legislation. Since, forthe parties to the main proceedings, the proceedings are, in so far as they areconcerned, a step in the action pending before the referring court, the decisionon costs is a matter for that court. Costs incurred in submitting observations tothe Court, ...

References to the „back-to-back” principle are increasingly common in the practice of subcontracting contracts for construction works, being used to describe the rights and obligations that the contractor has under the main contract, and which it transfers to the subcontractor with respect to the parts and elements of the works that are the subject of subcontracting by reference to external clauses contained in the main contract for constructi...

Law no. 554/2004 on administrative litigation, which specificaly regulates thismatter, is supplemented where it does not have provisions derogating from the common law with the civil procedural law (art. 28 of Law no. 554/2004). From the perspective of the appeal that is fi led in the matter of administrative litigation, art. 20 of Law no. 554/2004 expressly provides for the appeal remedy, but this text of the law is interpreted in conj...

The article analyzes the procedure for certifying the identity of the parties, a necessary, efficient, and rapid legal instrument for civil transactions. Used with good faith, rigor, and professionalism, it can provide support for individuals or the business environment. When used contrary to the purpose for which it was created, it can create unnatural problems for both the signatories of the document under private signature and especially fo...

This article seeks to demonstrate why the development, deployment, and professional use of AI high risk systems should be encompassed within the concept of  “public service.” It further argues that private entities offering such services should be classified as assimilated public authorities, akin to companies delivering other essential public interest services such as gas, electricity, and water supply. Lastly, the article advocates for the ne...