The major judgments of the CJEU are, for the most part, judgments given following a preliminary ruling of a court of a Member State of the European Union. Each year, the Court of Justice issues approximately 400 preliminary rulings. The preliminary ruling mechanism is the instrument of cooperation between the courts of the twenty-seven EU Member States and the Court of Justice. It is based on a dialogue between the judges of EU law, who are al...

This study reveals two issues: a perspective on the common legislation of Romanian private international law after 1989 and the constitutional base of Romanian private international law, by reference to the Romanian Constitution of 1991. The original idea of the study is that it shows a new conception of relevant constitutional terms in respect of the alien and the citizen, from a perspective of private international law. ...

The forced digitization of any activity, which takes place through the Internet, has brought not only the possibility of continuing the activity in the light of the restrictions imposed by the pandemic but also the addition of risks for controllers. Most risks relate to the security of the processing of personal data, the encrypted transfer of data, the use of legal grounds for specific purposes as well as the confidentiality and integrity of ...

Good faith is the fundamental value on which the trust-based relation, essential for keeping a fair and balanced social environment, is built. The calls of good faith regard both parties of the consume relation. The duty to inform sets up the standards for both seller/supplier’s and consumer’s good faith, showing the extent to which the seller or supplier’s good faith reflects the consumer’s good faith. Consumer protection must ...