In a judgment of 1 October 2019, Planet49 (C-673/17), the Grand Chamber of the Court held that consent to the storage of or access to information in the form of cookies installed on a website user’s terminal equipment is not validly constituted if given by way of a pre-checked checkbox, irrespective of whether or not the information in question is personal data. Furthermore, the Court made clear that the information that the service provider m...

In the context of the increasingly complicated health crisis that we are facing, the multiple normative acts that regulate – often without prior notice – parts of the educational process, introduce additional access procedures or their conditioning, aimed at protecting personal data. The study analyzes the causes of the unpredictability of these rules, and the effects they can have on the educational process, but also on data security. Finally,...

This study aims to provide an original explanation of the principle of truth finding regulated by art. 22 of the Civil Procedure Code and in the light of the Bangalore Principles, from a multidisciplinary perspective: procedural law, legal logic, philosophy and, at the same time, it approaches the aesthetics of judicial creation, through the touches that explain the methodology of the judge’s art to perform the jurisdictional act, i...

Introduced as the successor of the mobile internet, the metaverse is aiming to be the global network of interconnected devices, characterized by advanced permeability of the delimitation between physical and digital realities (people, spaces and things in physical reality are recreated in digital realities), able to offer immersive and vivid experiences, based on connectivity and interoperability, technically made through computers, smartphon...

In the system of continental law, the ordinary case law does not constitute a source of law, so that the meaning of a rule can be clarified in this way, because in such a case the judge would become a legislator, according to the constitutional dispute court. The complexity of certain cases can sometimes lead to different applications of the law in the practice of the courts. The article draws attention to the intolerable degree of entropy of ...

The international arms control regime has reached a stalemate with the withdrawal of the United States from a series of international treaties and the launch of new military defense and consolidation objectives in pursuit of absolute strategic and technological superiority. This article analyzes the international arms control regime in terms of its strengths and weaknesses, and seeks to situate the positions of the nuclear-power states in the...

Artificial intelligence and its effects on human society are the main topics of the moment, while challenging both IT and legal researchers. Humanity has reached a point where it must accept the role of artificial intelligence and assimilate it, adapting its value system, legal framework and economy to the new reality. In April 2021, the European Commission announced its firm intention to develop and adopt legal measures and rules that ...

Although it has a significant impact on the decision-making process of the Romanian state authorities, in Romania the lobbying activity is, more than often, regulated by vague, unclear, disparate or incoherent legal provisions. At the political level, it is necessary to take a decision on the regulation of the field of interest representation, either by adopting the looser European regulatory model or the clear and rigorous North American one....

The case of Fashion ID, C-40/17 refers to one of the tools made available to users, companies, which process personal data for social networks. The article emphasizes the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, of the interpretation of the rules of the European Union through the preliminary ruling. The conclusion is that between continuity and novelty in the interpretation of the concept of operator in European Union law, the C...

In C-645/19 Facebook Ireland Ltd and Others v Gegevensbeschermingsautoriteit, the Court confirmed that only the lead Data Protection Authority can act against a controller, another supervisory authority can only initiate proceedings against a controller, provided that this power is exercised in one of the limited situations where the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 confers a competence to adopt a final decision, and provided that the cooperation and...