The present study started from the recurrent observation that there is a confusion in practice between the relationship between an employer and employee on the one hand and the relationship between data controller and processor on the other. The confusion is not accidental and it is necessary to clarify this issue in the literature, because in the absence of a clear distinction, the consequences can be detrimental both in terms of professional...

Alongside with the adoption of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (General Data Protection Regulation, hereinafter GDPR), a new occupation appeared at the level of the European Union, namely the Data Protection Officer (DPO). Gradually, the member states of the European Union (in which the GDPR is fully applicable), have added the DPO occupation in their own dedicated nomenclatures. In Romania’s case, the DPO occupation was added to the Classification o...

The phenomenon of corruption represents an important study object for most of law specialists, theoreticians, or practitioners, as it is a real calamity that worries nowadays both governments and the public opinion throughout the world. The corruption manifests itself on economic, administrative, legal and political field in any society, as it is an abuse of authority and power, and use of public function for private interests by breach...

As a fundamental right, more precisely as a human right, property has always been affected by a certain ambiguity, both domestically and internationally, as to its meaning and nature. International law is marked by obvious nuances of concepts between states, even by frankly daring translations. This is the case with the concept of property. But after all, as long as systems are partitioned, what does it matter if everyone doesn’t p...

This study aims to provide an original explanation of the principle of truth finding regulated by art. 22 of the Civil Procedure Code and in the light of the Bangalore Principles, from a multidisciplinary perspective: procedural law, legal logic, philosophy and, at the same time, it approaches the aesthetics of judicial creation, through the touches that explain the methodology of the judge’s art to perform the jurisdictional act, i...

In the system of continental law, the ordinary case law does not constitute a source of law, so that the meaning of a rule can be clarified in this way, because in such a case the judge would become a legislator, according to the constitutional dispute court. The complexity of certain cases can sometimes lead to different applications of the law in the practice of the courts. The article draws attention to the intolerable degree of entropy of ...

The international arms control regime has reached a stalemate with the withdrawal of the United States from a series of international treaties and the launch of new military defense and consolidation objectives in pursuit of absolute strategic and technological superiority. This article analyzes the international arms control regime in terms of its strengths and weaknesses, and seeks to situate the positions of the nuclear-power states in the...

In a judgment of 1 October 2019, Planet49 (C-673/17), the Grand Chamber of the Court held that consent to the storage of or access to information in the form of cookies installed on a website user’s terminal equipment is not validly constituted if given by way of a pre-checked checkbox, irrespective of whether or not the information in question is personal data. Furthermore, the Court made clear that the information that the service provider m...

In the context of the increasingly complicated health crisis that we are facing, the multiple normative acts that regulate – often without prior notice – parts of the educational process, introduce additional access procedures or their conditioning, aimed at protecting personal data. The study analyzes the causes of the unpredictability of these rules, and the effects they can have on the educational process, but also on data security. Finally,...

Introduced as the successor of the mobile internet, the metaverse is aiming to be the global network of interconnected devices, characterized by advanced permeability of the delimitation between physical and digital realities (people, spaces and things in physical reality are recreated in digital realities), able to offer immersive and vivid experiences, based on connectivity and interoperability, technically made through computers, smartphon...