This article examines the notarial procedure for the authentication of translations in accordance with the applicable legal framework and relevant practice, highlighting unclear or challenging regulatory aspects and possible solutions. It analyzes the notary’s obligations in carrying out this procedure, the notary’s liability, and the notary’s role in interpreting legal provisions and advising clients, considering the wide range of situations...

This study advances the hypothesis that criminal law does not merely operate within time, but actively produces a juridical time of its own, distinct from physical time and from the social time of collective practices. Within criminal law, this production of juridical time fulfi ls two structurally distinct yet complementary functions: a limitative function, whereby time operates as a barrier against punitive arbitrariness, and a function of me...

By adopting the presumption of innocence as a basic principle, distinct from the other rights that also guarantee the freedom of the person – the right to defense, respect for human dignity – a series of restructurings of the criminal process and of the conception of the judicial authority, which must respond the following requirements: – guilt is established within a trial, with respect to procedural guarantees, because simple accusati...

This paper analyzes the conduct of the sexual aggression crime. The first part examines sexual acts other than those constituting rape, as reflected in the case law of the High Court of Cassation and Justice, the Constitutional Court of Romania, and the relevant legal literature (I); the second part provides an overview of relevant solutions from the judicial practice of courts and prosecutors’ offices (II), and the final part outlines certain...

This article presents the encyclical letter Magnifica Humanitas, signed in Rome on 15 May 2026, during the second year of the pontificate of Pope Leo XIV. It is the first encyclical-level magisterial document programmatically dedicated to the “protection of the human person in the age of artificial intelligence.” From a legal perspective, the significance of Magnifica Humanitas extends far beyond the Christian magisterial and confessional spher...

The accelerated digitalization of justice and the progressive integration of artificial intelligence technologies into alternative dispute resolution mechanisms raise fundamental questions regarding their compatibility with the traditional normative framework of arbitration, which is built upon party autonomy, procedural confidentiality, and the independence of arbitrators. In a context in which artificial intelligence is increasingly used as a...

In the present study, we do not intend to make a theoretical or didactic presentation of the institution of residence, as regulated by the Civil Code, but we aim to highlight the problems that this institution generates in judicial practice, particularly in relation to territorial jurisdiction in the resolution of civil disputes. Two situations have a practical interest regarding the importance of residence, generating controversies in the jur...

The International Human Rights Protection section analyzes current and relevant human rights issues through the lens of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, as well as other national and international jurisdictions. Keywords:

The rectification of civil status documents represents the administrative operation regarding the correction of material errors in birth, marriage or death certificates, carried out by order of the mayor, with the approval of the county public community service for the registration of persons or the local public community service for the registration of persons. Thus, the institution of rectification of a civil status act is materializ...

Pursuant to Article 305 of the Romanian Criminal Procedure Code, the criminal investigation body is required to confer the procedural status of suspect upon a person as soon as evidence exists that gives rise to a reasonable suspicion that the person committed the offence that is the subject of the case. Failure to grant this status results in the sanction of nullity of the criminal investigation acts carried out after the moment when such sta...